In certain applications such as abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the work area. Training and evaluation can help ensure selected controls are successful. Blast cleaning with recyclable abrasive such as steel grit or aluminum oxide requires specialized equipment for vacuuming or collecting the abrasive for reuse, separating the lead dust and fines from the reusable abrasive, and, in the case of steel grit, maintaining clean, dry air to avoid rusting of the abrasive. Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Until the employer performs an employee exposure assessment and determines actual employee exposure, the employer must assume that employees performing one of these tasks are exposed to the levels of lead indicated for that task in this Appendix. 0000023219 00000 n The OSHA construction standard for lead also requires that a competent person perform frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment. Containment primary engineering controls AKA a hood, BSC, CACI, etc define containment primary engineering control (C-PEC) a ventilated device designed to minimize HD exposure to environment and personnel when directly handling HDs C-SEC stands for. Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes. the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. >> If you pull the platform away from the wall so that the spring is stretched a distance x from its relaxed length and then let go, the platform-spring combination bounces back and forth. the cabinet's recirculated air) through the front grille engineering controls examples -glove boxes -biological safety cabinets -physical barriers of steel, plastic, glass -hand washing facilities -eye wash stations -sharps disposal containers -biological safety cabinets -ventilating laboratory hoods -autoclaves -safer sharps devices -air barriers or air "curtains" /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] The following engineering controls apply: Portable local exhaust ventilation should be used to remove lead dust and particulates from localized areas. This activity is usually performed by workers in the plumbing trades. The employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required. Additionally, administrative controls and PPE are often applied to existing processes where hazards are not well controlled. Ultrahigh-pressure water jetting utilizes pressurized water at pressures in excess of 25,000 psi. Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. The removal and repair of stained-glass windows includes several distinct activities: Removing the glass from the building and tracing the location of the pieces of glass; Disassembling the lead strips ("came") and removing the lead putty seals; Cleaning or replacing of the individual pieces of glass; and, Only the first activity, removal, takes place at the construction site. After relocating the containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Exposures may result from the release of dust and paint-chip particles when these items are removed with a prybar or cut with a saw. A device or barrier that is designed to help separate the hazard from the operator This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. 0000017297 00000 n Power tool cleaning with dust collection systems, Power tool cleaning without dust collection systems, Cleanup of dry expendable abrasive blasting jobs, Abrasive blasting enclosure movement and removal. The kinds of facilities where vacuuming could result in lead exposure include nonferrous metal plants (excluding aluminum) or steel plants melting lead-containing scrap in an electric-arc furnace. However, long-term operating costs tend to be lower, especially when protecting multiple workers. Certain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. In addition, the coating being worked on may consist of several layers of lead-based paint, each of which could contain as much as 50% lead. 0000012412 00000 n The process of heating the lead and applying it as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to lead-oxide fumes. In this configuration, the blast nozzle has local containment (a shroud) at its end and containment is usually accomplished by brush-lined attachments at the outer periphery and a vacuum inlet between the blast nozzle and the outer brushes (Waagbo and McPhee 1991). This review should consider how the substitute will combine with other agents in the workplace. Employees must also wash their hands and faces prior to eating, drinking, using tobacco products, or applying cosmetics, and they must not eat, drink, use tobacco products, or apply cosmetics in any work area where the PEL is exceeded. These operations are discussed below. wYQ#g0. Health hazards arise from lead dust released into the air during glass removal. The abrasive itself can either be disposed of or cleaned and recycled. Examples of the kinds of engineering controls and work practices that can be implemented to protect blasting workers are presented below. Hand washing /Parent 2 0 R Structures that are typically cleaned by open abrasive blasting are bridges, tanks and towers, locks and dams, pipe racks, pressure vessels and process equipment, supporting steel, and metal buildings. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. When vacuuming equipment is used, the vacuums must be equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and the initial medical surveillance prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard (29 CFR 1926.62). The amount of time a worker may spend actually welding or cutting can vary from only a few minutes up to a full shift. Use shrouded tools wherever feasible (shrouding can restrict accessibility to the work area) with vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris at the point of generation (Figure V:3-4). Power tools available for paint removal include needle guns, disc sanders, grinders, power wire brushes, rotary hammers, rotary peeners, and scarifiers. A. Containment-ventilated enclosure and laminar air flow workbench B. Laminar air flow workbench and compounding aseptic isolator C. Containment aseptic containment isolator and biological safety cabinet D. Containment-ventilated . Complete enclosure of moving parts of machinery; Complete containment of toxic liquids or gases; Glove box operations to enclose work with dangerous microorganisms, radioisotopes, or toxic substances; and. Use of ventilation system like fume hoods, snorkels, etc. Staging Workers and their supervisors should evaluate controls on a regular basis. All retained liquid waste should be poured through a filter cloth to remove paint chips and other debris prior to disposal. Dilution ventilation, on the other hand, allows lead particles generated by work activities to spread throughout the work area and then dilutes the concentration of particles by circulating large quantities of air into and out from the work area. Engineering controls besides the fume hood include compressed gas cabinets, vented storage cabinets, and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) such as capture hoods (canopy and slot) and snorkels, which capture and entrain chemical vapors, fumes, and dusts at the point of generation. Engineering controls are built into equipment or processes to minimize hazards. dust "blowdown" inside a negative-pressure containment structure). Mini-enclosures, which have smaller cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be erected. Where legally permitted, some elevator companies have switched the wire ropes on older elevators from sockets that utilize poured babbitt metal to wedge clamps or to sockets utilizing a thermoplastic/epoxy mixture (Personal communication, E. Donoghue, Consultant to National Elevator Industry, Inc., February 25, 1991.). These activities are typically performed during residential and commercial/institutional lead abatement projects. Three types of engineering controls are defined in <800>: 1. /T1_5 11 0 R The lead health hazard during these operations comes from lead particulates released into the air. In pharmaceutical compounding, the term "primary engineering control" usually refers to a device used to reduce the number of airborne particles and microorganisms in the compounding suite by channeling filtered unidirectional high-efficiency particulate air into areas that must be as contaminant free as possible. /T1_2 11 0 R Failure to operate engineering controls properly may also contaminate the work area. The advantages of vacuum blasting are that most of the waste material and abrasive is collected at the site of generation and is therefore not transported to the breathing zone of the worker, and that there may be little or no need for containment. Under no circumstances should lead-contaminated work clothes be laundered at home or taken from the worksite, except to be laundered professionally or properly disposed of following applicable Federal, State, and local regulations. Following a major repair BSC or CACI must be located in ISO Class ___ NIOSH. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. For example, employee exposure can be controlled by scheduling construction activities or workers' tasks in ways that minimize employee exposure levels. No lead-contaminated items are permitted to enter the clean change area. c. DNA and proteins These miscellaneous activities occur in conjunction with lead abatement or in-place management activities that have been previously addressed (i.e. Until an employer performs an employee-exposure assessment and determines the magnitude of the exposures actually occurring during the lead-related activity, the employer must assume that employees performing that task are exposed to the lead concentrations indicated in Appendix V:3-1. 3 0 obj In addition to the work practice controls previously described in Section B, the employer must provide training and information to employees as required by OSHA's lead in construction (. a. Ne\mathrm{Ne}Ne Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. Directory of Engineering Controls Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. The OSHA lead standard for construction is unique in that it groups tasks (Appendix V:3-1) that are presumed to be associated with employee exposures above the PEL into three lead-exposure ranges. b. I2\mathrm{I}_2I2 Welding and cutting activities that potentially involve exposure to lead can occur as part of a number of construction projects such as highway/railroad bridge rehabilitation (including elevated mass-transit lines), demolition, and indoor and outdoor industrial facility maintenance and renovation. Steel Structures Painting Council, Lead Paint Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130. mortar between the tiles/brick) must be removed. The sodium bicarbonate will not remove paint, rust, and mill scale as efficiently as sand or slag abrasives. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Reducing material handling injuries with engineering controls, Preventing Deaths in Manure Storage Facilities Through Proper Ventilation, Silica Hazards from Engineered Stone Countertops, Best Practices: Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and Exposure Monitoring for Occupational Exposures to Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione, OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert: Methylene Chloride Hazards for Bathtub Refinishers, Preventing Hazardous Noise and Hearing Loss during Project Design and Operation, Reducing Musculoskeletal Disorders among Airport Baggage Screeners and Handlers, Reducing Hazardous Dust Exposure When Dowel Drilling in Concrete, Reducing Hazardous Dust Exposure When Cutting Fiber-Cement Siding, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Directory of Engineering Controls Resources, Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. /Font << When the sponge is dampened, it can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) that has a flanged hood and is equipped with HEPA filtration may be appropriate where the use of LEV does not create safety hazards. Although this list of operations is extensive, it is not necessarily inclusive (i.e, other construction activities not mentioned here may also involve lead exposure). These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. HSE Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE News, & HSE Training. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Engineering Controls. 0000029049 00000 n The pellets impinge on the surface and then sublime, leaving only paint debris to be cleaned up. You can compound non-hazardous materials in hazardous areas but not the other way around, Initial installation 0000016856 00000 n Mechanical scrapers, a vacuum system, or pressurized water are then used to remove the product and the stripped paint. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Engineering Controls for Silica in Construction, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, are part of the original equipment design, remove or block the hazard at the source before it comes into contact with the worker, prevent users from modifying or interfering with the control, need minimal user input for the controls to work, operate correctly without interfering with the work process or making the work process more difficult, limiting access to hazardous areas or machinery, inspection and replacement of damaged or worn-out PPE, program monitoring for continued effectiveness, while other controls are under development, when other controls cannot sufficiently reduce the hazardous exposure, when PPE is the only control option available. 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